Incas vs Aztecs

Incas versus Aztecs Prior to Cortez arriving, there were numerous civic establishments that held force in the Americas. These gatherings incorporated the Olmecs, Zapotecs, Mayans, Toltecs, Aztecs, and Incas. The two of these civic establishments that had probably the most enduring impacts were the Aztecs and the Incas. These two human advancements had numerous similitudes and contrasts. One of the significant contrasts between the two human advancements is their area. The Aztecs lived in Central Mexico while the Incas lived in the Andes Mountains. The area of the human advancements influenced a significant number of their traditions. The Incans preserved their dead by leaving them on a mountain bluff side where the breezes would dry the dampness out of their skin. At that point they would take the mummies to huge occasions and heft them around. The Aztecs didn't embalm their dead or have any traditions like this. Since the Aztecs lived in Mexico which is a genuinely dry territory, they required an approach to flood crops. They fabricated chinampas which were gliding ranches that were constantly flooded by the waterway it was drifting in. The Incas utilized a type of agribusiness called porch farming were they would incorporate level layers with the incline of a mountain out of explicit materials so they could develop food on mountain sides. That was another strategy they shaped due to where they lived. Another contrast between the two human advancements was the size. The Inca human advancement secured over half of the East bank of South America and had a populace of around 20 million individuals. The Aztec human advancement just controlled Central Mexico and just had a populace of 15 million individuals. Since the Inca development was so huge, they required an approach to get messages around. They built up a huge informing framework with emissaries called chasquis that utilized an approach to get messages around called quipu. The Aztecs didn't have anything like this. Inca was so enormous in light of the fact that it vanquished numerous different human advancements that had their own dialects. This made it hard for certain individuals to see one another. That’s why they built up a bound together language considered Quechua that everybody needed to learn. The Aztec human advancement was increasingly similar to the Persian Empire and permitted anyplace they vanquished to remain the equivalent and keep their language as long as they made good on their assessments and acknowledged that the Aztecs’ rule. Another distinction is the discipline that a town would get for resisting the Incan or Aztec human progress. The Aztecs would go into the town and set it ablaze. They would take everybody inside and either execute them or subjugate them. The Incans would go into the town and move them. In Inca this is similarly as awful as slaughtering them in light of the fact that the human advancement is in the mountains and it is difficult to begin living in the mountains with nothing to begin with. In the event that they attempt to return to their town they for the most part need to cross numerous mountains which was additionally troublesome. Something different that was various was the dealer class of the realms. While the two of them had great economies, the Incas didn't have an enormous vendor class and the shipper class they had just exchanged locally. The Aztecs had an enormous trader class that would take exceptionally long excursions to removed terrains. The Inca government controlled all significant distance exchanging and they didn't permit the traders to have a ton of opportunity. Likewise, the Incas didn't have a cash framework while the Aztecs utilized cocoa. The two human advancements additionally framed in an unexpected way. The Aztecs began from three huge urban areas framing a partnership and together they vanquished land and individuals to set up their ground-breaking human advancement. The Incans began as a traveling family or faction that settled down and began an exchanging province. At that point an ever increasing number of individuals came and it in the long run transformed into a human advancement. Those were the numerous contrasts between the Aztec and Inca human advancements. The Aztec and Incan human advancements additionally had numerous similitudes. One of the significant similitudes was that the two of them thrived at about a similar time. The Aztecs thrived from 1300 A. D. to 1521 A. D. The Inca thrived from 1300 A. D. to 1533 A. D. Another likeness is that they were both managed by a ruler. They additionally both idea gold was significant. Incas utilized gold for everything since it was so basic in the mountains. Aztecs considered gold the perspiration of the sun and their sun god was their most impressive god so they more likely than not suspected gold was significant. They were additionally both monotheistic, revering numerous nature divine beings and goddesses. They additionally both idea their sun divine beings were significant. The Aztec sun god was named Huitzilopochtli and the Inca sun god was Inti. Inti was the most impressive god in Incan religion. It was imagined that the individuals in the initially family that began the Inca development were offspring of Inti and they said every future ruler must be a relative of Inti. Huitzilopochtli in the Aztec religion was the god that apparently advised the Mexica to discover a spot where they would see a hawk sitting on a prickly plant with a snake in its mouth and that was the place they were to settle. This spot was Lake Texcoco. Both of these divine beings were critical to them. Another strict comparability was that the two of them perform conciliatory ceremonies. They additionally had a similar style pyramids that had a wide square base that lead to a point at the top with steps going up the side. Those were the likenesses between the Aztec and Inca human advancements. The Aztec and Inca human advancements are still the absolute most impressive civic establishments that have ever existed. They hugy affected the nations that exist there today. The Mexican banner is even based off an Aztec fantasy. They had numerous likenesses and contrasts which made them the developments that they were.

Abortion is a Constitutional Issue :: Free Abortion Essays

Numerous individuals accept fetus removal is an ethical issue, however it is likewise an established issue. It is a lady's entitlement to pick what she does with her body, and it ought not be modified or impacted by any other individual. This privilege is ensured by the ninth correction, which contains the privilege to protection. The ninth correction expresses: The count in the Constitution, of specific rights, will not be understood to deny or defame others held by the individuals. This correct ensures the privilege to ladies, on the off chance that they so decide to have a premature birth, up to the finish of the primary trimester. Notwithstanding the reality of ethics, a lady has the option to security and decision to prematurely end her baby. The individuals that hold a professional life see contend that a lady who has a premature birth is murdering a kid. The master decision viewpoint holds this isn't the situation. Before the 1973 milestone Supreme Court controlling in Roe v. Pay, whereby fetus removal was viably authorized, ladies kicked the bucket by the thousands on account of back-rear entryway butchers. Since Roe, under 1 lady in 100,000 will bite the dust from a premature birth. Actually, the methodology brings about less passings than labor or even a dose of penicillin. In spite of the official legitimateness of the methodology, it is still to a great extent enduring an onslaught by rivals. The battle is a long way from being done, and is significant that any individual who champions a lady's entitlement to pick comprehend the progressing dangers premature birth faces. The New Civil War offers an unmistakable, convincing clarification of the issues encompassing the strategy and the manners by which antiabortion activists endeavor to condemn it. Partitioned into five sections, The New Civil War doesn't leave one stone unturned. This assortment of expositions is elegantly composed, brief, and succinct. For sure, such a book is a fundamental asset for anybody intrigued in the premature birth banter, yet in addition in the general male centric structures that make and keep up ladies' subjection. Part I is entitled The Sociopolitical Context of Abortion. The principal part in this area audits premature birth's status in the courts since Roe. Wilcox, Robbernnolt, and O'Keefe feature the need for therapists to stay vocal in the discussion, fundamentally by giving examination supporting the discoveries that fetus removal doesn't advance sick impacts in those ladies who have them. Antiabortionists proceed effectively to push forward enactment intended to keep ladies from persistently ending their pregnancies.

Candid Portraits or Ghostwritten Fluff The History of Celebrity Books

Candid Portraits or Ghostwritten Fluff The History of Celebrity Books Starsâ€"they’re just like us! So of course we would want to read a book written by our favorite celebrity if they decided to publish one, right? Even with the ones that we’ve read with winces and grimaces, the ones that have been published to mixed reviews, telling actors or media personalities to stick to what they knowâ€"we can’t help it when that star we love comes out with a book. It could be a memoir, an essay collection, a cookbook, a book of poetry, or a self-help bookâ€"it doesn’t matter. If we love the person who wrote it, chances are the bookworm probably won’t be far away. However, sometimes we get so distracted by the stars in our eyes that we fail to realize the moments when celebrity culture clashes with realityâ€"a reality that sometimes takes away opportunities from working authors. But first, where did this whole idea of the “celebrity book” come from? Persons of Interest: A Brief History of Memoirs, Autobiographies, and Celebrities Memoirs by celebrities are a hugely bankable opportunity for publishers, but that’s nothing new. The memoir dates back to as early as 58 BCE, with the publication of Roman dictator Julius Caesar’s memoirs Commentarii de Bello Gallico and Commentarii de Bello Civili. The first widely recognized Western autobiography is Confessions, a series of 13 books written in Latin by Saint Augustine of Hippo, a Roman African theologian and philosopher, between 397 and 400 CE. It then served as an influential model of the form for Christian authors throughout the Middle Ages, who followed suit with their own autobiographies in the centuries to come. At one point or another, you may have found yourself wondering…what exactly is the difference between a memoir and an autobiography? In a nutshell, the autobiography is seen as the story of a life, whereas the memoir is considered stories from a life. From the 15th through the 18th centuries, the most popular memoirs and autobiographies were written by politicians, many of whom found significant literary success. Until the 20th century, the most popular memoirs and autobiographies were those written by people who were already well respected in their fields and professions, such as businessmen and military leaders. A notable exception to this rule was Henry David Thoreau, who was not particularly well known in any specific fields or professions prior to the publication of his 1854 memoir Walden, which reflects upon ideas of simple living in natural surroundings. In other words, Thoreau was probably the first non-celebrity or “everyday person” to achieve fame with a memoir. With the invention and advent of the film industry in the early 20th century, more and more people started to be considered persons of interest: actors, directors, producers, singers, dancers, and everyone in between. By the mid-20th century, with the addition of television to the mix, memoirs and autobiographies by actors and media personalities who had found success in film, television, or other forms of popular culture started to become increasingly commonplace. Since the 1990s, there has been an increased interest and a growing market for books written by celebrities, as that decade is generally regarded as the start of the “stars are just like us” era. Tabloid gossip programs like Entertainment Tonight and Access Hollywood were booming. The initial popularity of Friends forged the idea that the characters that actors play onscreen are just like them in real-life, which is compelling. Before we knew it, the 21st century had hit and with it came the advent of inexpensive digital book production, and the memoir genre was among those to explode. Memoirs by everyday people were seeing newfound popularity, but it was nothing in comparison to books written by celebrities. By the 2010s, if you were a person of interest and hadn’t written down your witty coming-of-age story to accompany your success, were you even famous? As Vogue  recently put it, “At their best, celebrity memoirs provide unusually candid portraits of the ‘real person’ behind the public personaâ€"and don’t skimp on the dirty details. At worst, they can be ghostwritten fluff.” It goes without saying that just because you are a celebrity, it does not mean you are the next Charles Dickens: memoirs and autobiographies by celebrities are obviously commissioned with the idea of profit in mind, since books written by big names will clearly sell books. Celebrities can sell books, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they are always able to write them. Some decades ago, the term “ghostwriter” was considered a dirty word that no one should dare say out loud, but today, ghostwriters don’t tend to be as secretive. “Say 10 years ago, ghostwriting definitely had a sort of dirty name, the same way as online dating had a dirty name,” Madeleine Morel, a literary agent for ghostwriters, told NPR in 2014. “So if you were a ghostwriter you’d maybe tell your best friend on pain of death never to tell anyone else ‘cause there was a slightly ignominious feature to it.” But now, Morel says those days are long goneâ€"authors and publishers tend to be more upfront about ghostwriting and less willing to hide it. “In fact, it has become a very significant subgenre in publishing,” she says. “I mean, publishing is absolutely dependent on ghostwriters. I’ve had some authors who basically never even read their books.” Publishers today are indeed less secretive and more upfront about ghostwriting, and it’s even evident on shelves today. The cover of Falling With Wings: A Mother’s Storyâ€"the 2018 memoir by Demi Lovato’s mother, Dianna De Le Garzaâ€"has the name of the writer who helped create the book on its cover, Vicki McIntyre, albeit in noticeably smaller print. The same goes for Lorilee Craker, who helped create Through the Storm: A Real Story of Fame and Family in a Tabloid World, the 2008 memoir by Lynne Spears, mother of Britney. Their names might be smaller and the credit they receive is slim, but at least they’re getting some credit. Twenty years ago, they would have received nothing but a paycheck and sworn to secrecy. Today, memoirs by our favorite celebrities can be some of the warmest and funniest books you will ever read. Titles like Tina Fey’s Bossypants, Amy Poehler’s Yes Please, Anna Kendrick’s Scrappy Little Nobody, Amy Schumer’s The Girl With the Lower Back Tattoo, or Mindy Kaling’s Why Not Me? are some of the most beloved books of the last decade. Yes, sometimes the authors might need the help of a professional writer to help them say what they want to say, and yes, most celebrity memoirs are crafted with the primary goal of selling books. But often times these persons of interest do have a lot of wisdom and no-nonsense advice to share with the people who’ve helped them get to where they are, their fans, so once againâ€"how can we resist? When Celebrity Culture and Reality Clash As much as memoirs and autobiographies by celebrities are hugely bankable opportunities, so are cookbooks, self-help books, and literally any other kind of book that a celebrity feels like putting their name on. Depending on how large their platform is, celebrities are influential. So when a person who is followed by half the living world on Instagram decides to put out a book, it means people are going to buy itâ€"even if what’s inside the book is questionable. Youre telling me that you wouldnt buy a cookbook with eye candy like this in it? You are LYING! With a largely influential series like Queer Eye, for example, we might not even consider ourselves cooks or even be interested in becoming one, but when food and wine expert Antoni Porowski publishes a cookbook, we will probably stop and flip through it at the bookstore. Even if we have no intention of taking up cooking, Queer Eye’s empowering message that anyone can reinvent themselves sells the idea that maybe we will take up cookingâ€"buying Antoni’s book might motivate us! It’s capitalism at its finest and we’re all guilty of it, myself included. I’d be telling a very big lie if I told you I bought Olympic diver Tom Daley’s two books of recipes and wellness tips  (Tom’s Daily Plan and Tom’s Daily Goals) because I was interested in recipes and wellness tips. I bought them because I’m in love with Tom Daley and maybe some dreamy pictures of him will motivate me to start being interested in cooking and health. Another key player in the rise of this phenomenon is Gwyneth Paltrow who, after founding her natural health company Goop in 2008, has published a series of cookbooks, all of which have been bestsellers. An Academy Awardâ€"winning actress and mother who suddenly started passing out recipes and health tips helped forge a whole new market for celebrity cookbooks and health manuals, despite the fact that they tend to be untrustworthyâ€"an elimination diet promoted in one of Paltrow’s cookbooks was deemed wildly unsupported by medical evidence in 2015. That same year, health science expert Timothy Caulfield published the book Is Gwyneth Paltrow Wrong About Everything?: When Celebrity Culture and Science Clash, which debunks a lot of health tips, diets, and beauty routines that celebrities claim are the answer to all of our problems when in fact a lot of them are unsupported or disprovenâ€"we just listened to them because it’s Gwyneth Paltrow. Celebrities haven’t just dipped their toes into memoirs and cookbooks, either. Several well-known actors have tried their hands at writing full-blown novels of fiction and books of poetry over the years, such as Bob Dylan, Tom Hanks, Sean Penn, and James Franco. Some receive positive reviewsâ€"USA Today wrote that Tom Hanks’s short story collection Uncommon Type “packs a punch” and said that Hanks proves himself as a “serious scribe”â€"whereas books by James Franco or Sean Penn have tended to receive more mixed and critical reviews: The Washington Post called Penn’s novel of political satire Bob Honey Who Just Do Stuff a “fever dream of a boomer who watches the news, cannot make sense of it, but cannot contain his fury at it anyhow,” and The Los Angeles Times wrote in their review of Franco’s Actors Anonymous that he “won’t be a good writerâ€"or a great artist, if that’s his goalâ€"until he learns how to edit, censor, politely decline and bite his tongue.” In conclusion, maybe we stop giving rich white men book deals just because they’re household names? Even Lauren Graham, beloved star of Gilmore Girls and Parenthood, decided to show the world what she could do with words with her novel, Someday, Someday, Maybe, published in 2013. The Washington Post was more positive in their review, writing that Graham has “taken elements of the familiar and spun them into a novel that’s heartfelt, hilarious and, hopefully, just the first example of what she can do with the written word.” (She published a memoir three years later in 2016, Talking As Fast As I Can.) But, similar to the criticized works of white male actors who have attempted literary greatness, Someday, Someday, Maybe has a noticeably low average rating score on Goodreadsâ€"a 3.5â€"with the general consensus being that while most higher reviews come from diehard fans of Lauren Graham, lower reviews tend to state that Graham, like her peers who have also published fiction, should stick to what they know. Do Celebrity Books Make It Harder for Other Books to Get Published? Depending on who you ask, the answer is yes. British children’s book author and illustrator Chris Priestley told The Guardian in 2017 that it’s a “tricky time in publishing at the moment,” saying that he’s met a lot of writers who have had harder times getting book deals than they did a decade agoâ€"and he thinks the popularity and dependability of celebrity books is partially to blame. “It seems as though if you’re a celebrity you can just express the idea you would like to do a book,” he said. “I still have to pitch my books.” As a children’s book author, he said it becomes an increasingly competitive market when celebrities have also published books for children, with everyone from Barack Obama to Kelly Clarkson, and publishers become less willing to invest in smaller names. CJ Daugherty, who writes thrillers for young adults, claims that celebrity books that are ghostwritten undermine readers’ trust and takes away from writers who put their blood, sweat, a nd tears into their work. “We can tell ourselves that readers must know a C-List celebrity, famous for opening makeup boxes on YouTube, isn’t capable of writing an 80,000-word novel,” she said. “But the whole system seems designed to fool people into thinking they are.” As a result of the accelerated market for celebrity books over the last few decades, The Guardian found that the income of working authors has steadily declined. Some might say that these authors just have to work harder, but that’s far from the case when publishers are more interested in the celebrity’s name rather than what’s actually written. Maybe it just means that we as readers have to work harder at supporting lesser known authors who work tirelessly to get their work read and recognized, something that celebrities don’t always have to worry about. Celebrity books can be greatâ€"and they can be awful. So maybe we just have to be more mindful about which books we spend our money on so that all writers can flourish. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 867 Words

Since gay marriage has been legalized in a handful of states, there have been more than 71,165 marriages (12 Reasons Why Marriage Equality Matters). However, there are hundreds happy couples that would like to be married all over the country. The real question is why does gay marriage matter to someone who is not gay? Does it make people question their own sexuality or go against religion? The LGBT community has rights just like everyone else, and a love that is true just an opposite-sex couples. There are 37 states out of the 50, which is over half, that gay marriage has been legalized in (Gay Marriage ProCon.org.). Gay marriage should widely be accepted by all the states and society. Homosexuals have rights just as everyone else does. To deny them these rights, it can be named unconstitutional. It is another way of discriminating on a select group of people. Some people are just not ready for a change, but this is a much needed change. Same-sex couples are basically being labeled u nworthy of the sacred ceremony of marriage. What makes them so unworthy? The fact that they are of the same gender? There is no such thing as a â€Å"traditional marriage† only being between a male and female. Marriage is a right that was given to every human, so do not deny it for some. There are many benefits that come with being married. These benefits include hospital visitation during sickness, joint filing of tax returns, family health coverage, and inheritance rights (12 Reasons Why MarriageShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

Organ Donation Opt-in or Opt-Out That Is the Question Essay

Organ Donation Opt-in or opt-out that is the question This assignment will help us explore and understand the concepts of both the opt-in system of organ and tissue donation and the opt-out system, which I will compare and contrast through looking at both systems used in different countries throughout Europe. And also I will look at how they relate to beneficence and non-maleficence. The opt-in system is based on the view that every person has a choice whether or not to go on the organ donation register, and in this system of donation in most cases the family or another person close of the person who is dying will have the last say whether or not any organs or tissues can be taken. There is then the opt-out system or†¦show more content†¦In most countries that use this system, families or a close friend would still be informed and their opinion would be taken into account, Spain being a good example of a country that uses the so called soft opt-out system, there system lets the family play a big part in decision making at the time of death and their views are taken into account, this seems to work well for them as they have the highest number of donors with 33 deceased organ donors per million population. Eurobarometer European and Organ donation (2007), They have had this method of donation since 1979 and the director of national transplant organisation in Spain said the number of donors is not all down to the opt-out system, there was a large increase in donation in the 1990’s and this was down to the implementation of national procurement system. (NHSBT). There are then countries like Austria that have a more hard line hard opt-out system, this is where the families do not get asked their opinion, the organs are taken unless the dying person has raised an objection and opted out. This can be a mine field because sometimes not being on the register can mean the diseased did not have a full understanding rather than being in total agreement with the policy put in place. At the beginning of this essay I had limited view around the subject of organ donation a lot would say a little blinkered, as my view is that when I hadShow MoreRelatedOrgan Donation And The United States1469 Words   |  6 Pageson a waiting list for an organ donation (Organ and Tissue Donations, 2015). Out of these individuals, nearly 10 die each day waiting for an organ (All About Donation, 2015). The need for organ donation has increased dramatically with the many advances in medicine (FAQ, 2011). To be considered an organ donor in the United States one must sign a Uniform Donor Card, however, once an individual has deceased, the family must provide consent to participate in organ donation (Korschun, 2013). This createsRead MoreOrgan Donation. â€Å"Organ Donation Is Not A Tragedy, But It1112 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Donation â€Å"Organ donation is not a tragedy, but it can be a beautiful light, in the midst of one† (Unknown). There has been many disbeliefs about donating your organs over the years. The organ demand drastically exceeds the available supply, which is why more people need to be organ donors. People should become organ donors because of the limited availability of organs and the chance to save many lives. Although many people think that if you are an organ donor doctors won’t try as hard toRead MoreLegal And Ethical Issues Regarding Organ Donation849 Words   |  4 Pagesmany as 4,500 people waiting for an organ donation to save or significantly improve their life. In 2012, there were 2,124 lucky Canadians who received an organ transplant and an unfortunate 256 people who died while waiting (Government of Canada, 2013), which leaves 2,120 waiting for a transplant each year. â€Å"Composer David Foster pushed ‘presumed consent’ for organ donations† by Grant, suggests that Canada moves to an opt-out organ donation system to improve donation rates. I understand that there areRead MoreOrgan Supply Vs Organ Demand : Ethical Issues That Arise1727 Words   |  7 PagesKirubel Tesema Debra Berry English 102-1417 23 June 2015 Organ Supply vs Organ Demand: Ethical Issues that arise Organ donation has the power to change a life ending incident into a life giving one. Throughout the United States many patients are suffering due to the lack of a vital organ, because there is more demand than supply of organs, many patients die without ever receiving one. Although organ donation saves many lives, there have been questions in regards to ethics that surround it. People are evenRead MoreOrgan Procurement And Transplantation Network1321 Words   |  6 Pageswhile waiting for a donated organ to become available for transplant. The number of people in need of a transplant is growing much faster than the number of cadaveric organ donors: from 1988 to 2012, the number of people on the waiting list grew from 15,029 to 117,040, while, during the same interval, the number of deceased donors rose from 5,901 to a still inadequate 14,011 (â€Å"Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network†). In the United States, the cadaveric donation system is described as â€Å"inf ormedRead MoreOrgan Donation Should Be Compulsory1702 Words   |  7 Pagesfor an organ transplant. Of the over 100,000 people on this list it is estimated that 18 people die each day due to the lack of available organs (American Transplant Foundation, 2014) What if these lives could be saved and the number of available organs for transplant could be increased exponentially? Does it make moral, financial, or ethical sense to bury or incinerate perfectly viable organs that could be used to save the lives others? The purpose of this paper is to argue that organ donationRead MoreThe Arguments Supporting An Opt Out Organ Donation System3226 Words   |  13 Pagesarguments supporting the use of an opt-out organ donation system Elizabeth Grice - 1101 Convenor – Dr Stuart Oultram RS1 Word Count: Abstract Introduction England currently practices an opt-in system of organ donation. The waiting list for organ donor transplants exceeds 10,000 meaning that people are losing their lives everyday due to a shortage of donor organs. It has been suggested for a while that England adopts the opt-out system, in order to increase donation rates and decrease the number ofRead MoreOrgan Donation1872 Words   |  8 PagesAre You Opt-in or Opt-out? Great advances in the science of organ transplantation have made it possible for many lives to be saved from conditions that would have otherwise been considered fatal. Anyone between the ages of 18 and 60 and in good general health can be organ donors. Thanks to these scientific advances, living donors are now able to donate entire kidneys and portions of other regenerative organs such as the intestine, liver, lung, and pancreas. Full portions of these organs as wellRead MoreOrgan Donation For Organ Transplants2418 Words   |  10 PagesINTRODUCTION Organ donation is one of the most pressing health policy issues for our government to deal with and organ donation rates in England must increase in order to meet the demand for organs on waiting lists. Furthermore, the demand for surgical procedures such as organ transplantation has rapidly increased after scientific breakthroughs in transplant technologies as well as the advent of new medicines to reduce many problems associated with transplants, thereby increasing the life expectancyRead MoreOrgan Donation : A Controversial Issue2016 Words   |  9 PagesThe topic of organ donation can be a very controversial subject when the widely accepted policies are questioned or challenged. The current procedure for organ donation in Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as many other parts of the Western world, is that in order for one’s organs to be donated, that person must have first given express consent while alive by way of filling out a form when obtaining or renewing their driv er’s license or MCP card. This person is then listed as an organ donor and, providing

Alexandru Florea Economic Development and Growth Free Essays

Indicators of economic development: Labor productivity Weighted Machine tool industry in total industry Weighted Machine tool exports in total exports Weighted Brain drain in total export Weighted Employment in services Economic growth is represented by the evolution of specific economic indexes, with benefits for the social and economic life, in a specific time and area. The most known index for calculating the economic growth is the GAP/ capita. Types of economic growth Extensive economic growth- based on growing the GAP/capita by increasing the number of workers, arable lands etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Alexandru Florea Economic Development and Growth or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consolidated economic growth: it would be realized at the global scale Zero economic growth: is happening when the economic indexes and the population of the country are increasing with the same percentage. The single way that a state can achieve economic development and growth is by using their economies to make investments. Economic development represents a qualitative process while economic growth is a quantitative one. However the processes of economic development and growth are produced simultaneous therefore they must be considered together. The first part of the analysis will provide an overall picture of Roman’s economic performance. It will be presented the current economic development situation and its growth during the analyzed years. The second part of the analysis represents an econometric exercise which will provide the connection between GAP, Urban Population and Employment. At the end of the exercise it will 3 be possible to predict values of GAP depending on Urban Population and the level of employment. The third part of the analysis will provide information regarding the development lacks of Roman’s economy. The fourth part of analysis refers to Romania market inefficiency. It will provide the most important issues about market failures in Romania. The fifth part of analysis includes the Development Policies. It will present the main targets to improve Roman’s economy for the next years. B. Analysis 1. Methodology For this analysis were chosen indexes from 5 areas: Romania, Bulgaria, Germany, France and European Union. Besides Romania, which is the main subject of the analysis, it was chosen Bulgaria like a state with similar economic situation. Germany and France were chosen because they represent two of the most developed country in Europe. In the same time they represent examples of how the economic situation should be in a developed country therefore Romania must achieve a close level to them in order to become a State with a developed economy. Nevertheless, all of them are member states of European union therefore all of them must converge to the same level, as result, it is absolutely necessary to include the European union indexes. First part of the analysis contains statistical results about the economic development and growth situation in Romania. The analyzed period refers to 1990-2013. For this part there were seed data series, with annual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. Second part of the analysis is represented by a linear regression model. For analyzing the correlation between variables, were used data series (1991-2012), with annual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. The data refers only to Romania. The purpose of the exercise was to find the influence Of that urban population and employment have on GAP. The form of linear regression model is: AMPLE+?* POP 4 Where: BIB – Gross Domestic Product AMPLE -? Employment POP – the urban population percentage The GAP was deflated referring to the year 2005 as the base year. Views was the soft used for testing and correcting the regression model. The intensity between the dependent variable and the independent variables was analyzed considering the correlation coefficient R The sign efficacy of linear correlation coefficients was tested using t-test Starting from the hypothesis: HO: the model is not valid and HI: the model is valid, the validity of the regression model was tested using the Fischer test. The model’s significance was tested with: – Wald test for testing the regression coefficients F test for testing the significance of the correlation ratio. – graphic method, Durbin Watson test and Breach Godlier test for verifying the independence of the random errors. – White test for verifying the homosexuality. -Jarred-Berea test for verifying the normality hypothesis. Third part of the analysis contains statistical results about the development lacks in Romania. The analyzed period refers to 1990-2013. For this part there were used data series, with annual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. Fourth part of the analysis contains statistical results about the market inefficiency in Romania. The analyzed period refers to 1990-2013. For this part there were used data series, with annual frequency, from the official website of World Bank. Fifth part of the analysis presents the main targets of the current development policy. It represents a summary of the Romania â€Å"National Strategy for Development’. 5 Economic Development and Growth Of Romania 2. Used data Gross Domestic Product: According to Ryan Barnes: â€Å"The GAP is the predecessor of all macroeconomic indexes; as an aggregate measure of the total economic output of a country, GAP represents the total value of goods and services produced by the economy, in a specific period†. Frequency: annual Source of collected data: World Bank website Other changes: *only for the regression model: 1,000,000,000 Expressed in: US$ Inflation: Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services. It is measured as an annual percentage increase. As inflation rises, every dollar you own buys a smaller percentage of a good or service. Frequency: annual Expressed in: percentage Urban population index According to National Statistic Office: â€Å"Urban population index refers to the number of people which live in urban areas† Other changes: *only for the regression model: 1 ,OHO Expressed in: percentage of the total population Employment index Employment index refers to the active population (15-64 years old) rate: the ratio between the active population and the total number of people with the same age. Other changes: *only for the regression model: AMPLE( 1)= AMPLE(O)* 1,000 Health Expenditure index Health expenditure refers to the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid assassinated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. It is calculated as the percen tage of a nation’s GAP. Frequency: annual Pupil-teacher index Pupil-teacher ratio: the number of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers. Expressed in: absolute number Public spending on education index Public expenditure on education as % of GAP is the total public expenditure (current and capital) on education expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GAP) in a given year. Public expenditure on education includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and transfers/subsidies for private entities (students/households and other private entities) 7 3. Literature review About Roman’s Economy According to the Constitution of 1991, Economy of Romania is an economy based on supply and demand rule therefore it means that the state must ensure the freedom of trade and the fair competition. In 1 939 the most important branches of industry were the oil and natural gas industries. 6. 24 million tons of oil was produced in Romania in 1939 and the total exports of oil valued 56 million dollars. Furthermore, with a production slightly lower than Germany, Romania had a very good situation in terms of grain. However salt and tobacco had also an important role for Roman’s economy during this period. Even if it was of poor quality, tobacco was the main source of income for the people from the Danube Plain. After more than four decades, at the end of 1 989, economy of Romania had the basic communist economy, in all branches of industry’ it was a state cooperative monopoly. Price, credits, salaries, the interest rate were directed y the â€Å"single national plan† without reflecting the supply and demand needs. On 21st of December 1 989 Romania had no external debt, the external debt was fully paid by the end of February 1989. How to cite Alexandru Florea Economic Development and Growth, Papers

Provided Articles Dealing Aspect Of Power â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Provided Articles Dealing Aspect Of Power? Answer: Introducation Organizational behavior is an important aspect in building an infrastructure, which determines both the individual and group performances in any particular organization. The studies and the researches in this field analyze the human behavior in a work environment, which in turn affects the business structure, performance, leadership and commercial gain. The studies related to this field examine the interconnection between the management and the workforce. Models relative to this topic enhance the behavioral management in a team or an organization promoting motivation and correct leadership style, which is an essentiality to build a constructive team to increase the efficiency of the organization. Researches and analysis are performed on the literature reviews on the different organizational management criteria. Based on the articles provided, it is appropriate that experiments were conducted stating different aspects of decision making relative to power-possession and leadership qual ities. This report analyzes the methodologies and provides concluding reviews on the experiments, mainly focused on the subjective utilization of power. Alongside, the role of the confident leaders in management is indicated through tested situations. Quality analysis relative to the provided substance is presented in the upcoming sections. Article Summary: The first article specifically deals with the behavioral aspects regarding certain management issues when the executives are the beholder of immense official power (Fast et al. 2012). The article initiates with management and the leadership styles of the British Petroleum (BP) Executives. Their overconfident approach towards the risk management involved in this case resulted in the demise of workers from the explosion caused by a massive oil leakage while another recorded case would be of a large business integration that took place in 2000, resulting in an economic loss of $54 billion in shareholder market leading to the demise of the CEO. In both the circumstances, the decision-making regarding the organization was highly influenced by the over-confidence prevailing in the leaders. Lack of valid researches surrounding an organizational decision is thus, witnessed to cause potential harm. This article briefs the way over-confidence becomes a determinant of power through vivid explan ation of power and adapting few theoretical and empirical supports that insights certain experiments relative to the establishment of the relationship between power and overconfidence leading to managerial distortions. The five-approx experimentations utilizing various methodologies were approaches, leading to the completion of the objectives. The next article surfaces around power and loss aversion issues, focusing on the results of power on the characteristics of an individual and the ultimate reflections of the same on decision-making.(Inesi 2010). This documented analysis is done in an approach to establish more radical claims on the accusations against power-holders of being hypocritical, which is found to be more profound once they acquire power, wherein the power has the potential to alternate the anticipated results relatively to both gains and losses. This article sets loss aversion as the base of biased decisions from the power holders. Experimentations establish the relationship between power and loss aversion and possible anticipated risks surrounding it. The generalized analysis of the four experiments involved in the article resolves that power have an effect of minimizing loss aversion with higher level of anticipated gains. The final article in the queue relates the effect of overconfidence on the efficiency as a leader (Shipman and Mumford 2011). This document states the importance of self-confidence in leaders as an essentiality simultaneously, viewing the excessive amount of confidence in a person might adversely affects the leadership he is assigned. The set of information provides the possible pointers indicating prevailing over-confidence in a leader and the way it is influential on the performances. Majorly, the article also reveals how the most needed qualities as a result, when in excessive amount can prove to be destructive for an organization. Through vivid explanations relative to self and over-confidence, four prime hypotheses are constructed to determine the objectives utilizing variant methodologies. The results are indicative towards the effects of over-confidence on leadership qualities including vision, planning or strategizing. Based on evidences, hypotheses lead to generalized concep ts of the effects. Article Analysis: The article with the objective to establish that power is detrimental to over confidence influencing the decision-making process, conducted five experiments evidently presenting the same (Fast et al. 2012). Throughout the experiments, a persistent support was found relative to the promotion of over-confidence with the presence of power in cases. In contrast to this study, overconfident individuals are more likely to gain power. Although, the present analysis consists of few limitations, including the fact that the experiments were conducted in field-settings but in laboratory as well therefore, it will be correct to state that a more systematic and generalized view would be achievable if field-set experiments are conducted, majorly in work places including larger size samples. Another noted limitation in this study is the lacking of the estimation on the long-term effects of the relative terms as to whether it would decrease or increase. Little research is conducted on the effects of power on powerful individual in organizations during the decision-making process. While the strength of the article is that the present discoveries through this article successfully contributes to the literature of power and decision making, secondly, in small size but still to the profound relationship between power and performances and thirdly, presents a valid theoretical knowledge on the behavioral and psychological effects on an individual. This study conducted four experimentations relative to power and its effects on loss aversion indicating that power increases the level of anticipated gains associated in a case (Inesi 2010). On the analysis of the experiments, it is found that the article in a productive way established the factor that power does reduces the chance of loss aversion. Following the experiments, it is easy to state that the experiment 1 did present the fact that loss aversions are less among people with prime power. While the experiment 2 and 3 evidently presented the major conditions relating power and loss aversion with an anticipation power is essential for avoiding negative outcomes with no such differences found in anticipated value for positive outcomes relative to power conditions. Experiment 4 performed; brought together the results of the past experiments to provide a final step to measure the independent effects if the stated factors. The study presented the measures, which passed the test of time having real implications on the individuals involved. The experiments present consistent results, contributing to the theory of power engaged with the domain of losses and gains. This study proves to be a significant step towards establishing the relationship and the effects and hence is successful in its objective. This article dealing with the variant hypotheses establishes the possible effects of over-confidence on the leadership qualities in diverse ways, through researches with some noted limitations and possible practical implications potential to be applied on the real world leaders (Shipman and Mumford 2011). The limitation firstly stretches to the point that an undergraduate sample was considered for the study and analysis of the topic, with potential explanations about the effects on leadership roles but the query is relative to the generalization that might be applicable in reference to the solutions and decisions. The hypotheses did potentially present the effects utilizing the variant methodologies yet the relative effect sizes can be concluded to be small. As a recommendation point, it is suggestive to perform a wider set of experimentation to determine the effect on the population in a larger scale, easing the process of generalization involved. Another noted challenge relative to this is that situational variables are not included in the study, which in a way is believed to affect the leadership of prominent leaders at times. This is a valuable asset, as a human can get influenced by the same greatly. In addition to this the domain related to the task can be a determinant of confidence in a leader, there are significant co-relations existing. While the strengths of this article is also a topic to discuss, although the topic of over-confidence needed an elaborate research, this article sets a beneficial framework on the conceptualization of over-confidence and its effects on leadership primarily citing the deficiencies as the indicators of the same. The results derived from the experiments conducted in this article definitely have practical implications on the real-time leaders guiding them to maintain a level of confidence that would be beneficial and not destructive in any way. Article Comparisons: The three presented articles with the set of results based on the experimentations and hypotheses majorly deal with the organizational management, which might get affected by some situational and natural characteristics prevailing in an environment or an individual. The prime factor is power and the related effects. The first article in consideration, through conduction of five experiments successfully shows the persistent effect of power on an individuals confidence and eventually his/her performances (Fast et al. 2012). In recent history, recorded events are even a proof for the stated objective in the article. Gaining power eventually increases ones self-confidence to high levels resulting in a destructive way of decision-making, which can prove to be potentially harmful for the organization and others. While the next article states the relationship between power and loss aversions. Conducting four experiments, it was constructive to highlight the behavioral changes that take place once an individual gains power (Inesi 2010). The experimentations successfully show that the basis of the decisions taken by power-holders is the reduced loss aversion and the anticipation of higher level of gains. The diagnosed information states that the power-holders are often accused of being hypocrites. The article builds a successful relationship between the facts that higher the power, lower is the risks of loss aversions also showing those with more power are surrounded by a greater number of rewards. The final experiment in the article set together the results to evidently present The next article focuses on the results over-confidence derived from position and power can lead to destructive leadership qualities (Shipman and Mumford 2011). Sample hypotheses were constructed to highlight the adverse effects of over-confidence on an individuals leadership qualities including his decision-making, vision and planning towards a subjective issue. The results are relative to practical implications surrounding real-world leaders. The article in a commendable way contributes to growing literature on self-confidence alongside its importance stating the fact that an excessive amount of the same, can prove to be destructive in the management process. It is an excellent guide towards a sustainable leadership and control measures for over-confidence. Conclusion: This article states power often enhances the self-confidence to the level that it takes the form of over-confidence, which in turn results in a decision-making at times, evidently proved to cause potential harm for others associated in that matter of concern (Fast et al. 2012). The five experiments conducted in the article highlights the fact that over-confident people afford power-filled roles and alongside these roles eventually make them more over-confident. The studies show the reasons leading the powerful people to perform destructively, over-confidence being prime factor. Through such ways of decision-making, they often take an ill-informed decision with lack of proper market research or situation analysis, which eventually harm the organization and its employees as pre-mentioned two cases involving the demise of the workers and the CEO. Over-confidence leads to a lacking sense of responsibility towards performances and decisions. For further research it is suggestive built or find control measures that would shape the over-confidence down to the level of confidence that will prove to be beneficial and safe for the organization. This article shows that power eventually reduces the loss aversion with significant implications stating a relationship between power and loss aversion. Situational variables are responsible for at times, activating the high-level power mindset. The pointers included in the discovery included in the article state that with a possibility of high-level gains, individuals often experience a shift in the behavioral and decision-making aspects. The power-holders are often seen to have least amount of concerns about the consequences of their decisions rather focus on the anticipated gains they are subjected to. Thus in a practical sense it is rational as possessing power would definitely reduce the loss aversion and more rewards, of which the society should be aware. The psychology of power suggests more rewards than any usual. The article relating over-confidence and adverse leadership qualities through hypotheses of small size samples predicts the psychology of over-confident people (Shipman and Mumford 2011). The contribution from this article proves to be a constructive guide towards leaders of real-time organization as the power and designations assigned often cause a tilt in the behavioral aspects of the individuals. The hypotheses present the positive results of possessing self-belief, which is an essentiality for a leader simultaneously suggesting few control measures against over-confidence, which can alter the positivity to negative traits as is evident through hypotheses 1 2. While hypotheses show a negative influence of seeing deficiencies and positive outcomes on planning tactics and similarly, hypotheses 5 6 present the vision challenges due to over-confidence. As a recommendation, it is suggestive to conduct a more real-time experiment to ease out the idea of generalization and wider knowledg e of the effects on population. References Fast, N.J., Sivanathan, N., Mayer, N.D. and Galinsky, A.D., 2012. Power and overconfident decision-making.Organizational behavior and human decision processes,117(2), pp.249-260. Inesi, M.E., 2010. Power and loss aversion.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,112(1), pp.58-69. Shipman, A.S. and Mumford, M.D., 2011. When confidence is detrimental: Influence of overconfidence on leadership effectiveness.The Leadership Quarterly,22(4), pp.649-665